How to choose a fireplace stove with a water circuit and connect it to your own home heating system

A classic fireplace perfectly warms the room, but cannot heat the whole house for a long time, because its heat capacity is small.

Fireplace stove with a water circuit - diagram

Only a modified fireplace stove with a water circuit, with connected radiators in all rooms of the house can cope with this task.

The area that such a circuit can heat depends on the thermal power of the fireplace, the number of installed radiators and the total volume of water in the system. How to choose and install a fireplace stove with a water circuit, we will tell in this article, read carefully and follow absolutely all requirements!

The device of the fireplace stove with a water circuit

In its design, the fireplace stove with a water circuit differs little from a traditional fireplace, the only difference is that a heat exchanger with a coil is installed in the upper part of the furnace or in the walls of the furnace, through which the coolant circulates, most often ordinary water. The coil is connected to a closed heating circuit, consisting of radiators and connecting pipes, an expansion tank, with a large length of the system, a circulation pump is also installed.

The scheme of the stove with a water circuit

The fireplace insert can be either open or closed, protected by heat-resistant glass. In the lower part of the furnace there is a grate - a grate, through it the air necessary for burning firewood enters, and combustion products - ash are also discharged. Under the firebox there is an ash pan, it also serves as a blower and is protected by a hinged door or made in the form of a sliding tray. In the upper part of the furnace there is a chimney that connects to the chimney. Depending on the model of the fireplace stove, pockets and openings for convection exit of heated air, flame cutters and other elements may also be provided.

There are also models in which the internal coolant circuit is not connected to the heating system, and the water circulating in the radiators is heated through a plate heat exchanger. Such furnaces are more convenient for dual-circuit systems, allowing you to connect not only heating, but also hot water.

The device of the fireplace stove with a water circuit

The fireplace stove with a water circuit can also be folded out of bricks. The walls of the furnace in such a furnace are double: the inner wall is made of metal, the outer one is made of brick, and a coil is placed between them. However, it is not worth undertaking the laying of such a furnace without having the appropriate experience - this work requires great accuracy and adherence to dimensions, and it is very difficult to remake the furnace during operation.

It is not advisable to install a fireplace stove with a water circuit as the only source of constant heating in cold climatic zones, since it is impossible to automate the furnace process, and it will not be possible to leave the house for a long time. However, as an additional or backup heating system, the stove-fireplace will be very useful, especially during severe cold weather or inclement weather.

Choosing a fireplace stove with a water circuit

The choice of a heating unit is a responsible matter, and before giving preference to a particular model, you need to understand the characteristics and capabilities of such furnaces. Let's try to consider the most important of them.

1. Power. Unlike a conventional stove or fireplace, on heating appliances with a water circuit, the manufacturer indicates two power values: total thermal power and heat exchanger power. What do they mean? The total thermal power is the amount of heat that the furnace can transfer to the surrounding space through infrared radiation through the glass of the furnace and convection channels and from the heating system.Its component is the power of the heat exchanger, i.e. the amount of heat that is supplied to the radiators. For example, the total declared thermal power of the fireplace stove with a water circuit is 11 kW, the heat exchanger power is 4 kW. Given the required power for heating every 10 m 2 of area, which is assumed to be 1 kW, such a fireplace stove with a water circuit can heat a house with an area of ​​100-110 m 2. At the same time, note that the declared power is designed for continuous operation of the stove, which is troublesome for heating appliances that work on wood, because firewood will have to be constantly laid. If you plan to heat the stove only in the daytime, increase the required power value by 1.5-2 times.

1. Dimensions and weight of the furnace. This characteristic is important if you are experiencing a lack of space and a limitation in the permissible load on the floors. The dimensions of the model you choose should allow it to be installed in compliance with fire distances - they are usually indicated in the instruction manual. The floor load can not be considered if the floors in your house are made of monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete slabs, they will allow you to install a metal fireplace stove anywhere. For wooden floors, the maximum allowable temporary load is 150 kg, and with a weight of 100 kg and a base area of ​​the furnace less than 0.7 m 2 this value will be exceeded. There are two ways out - choose a fireplace stove with a water circuit that has less weight or redistribute the load, for example, using the podium for the furnace. It can be made from a sheet of drywall with a thickness of at least 12 mm, coated with a non-combustible coating, such as porcelain stoneware.
2. The volume of coolant. To connect the heat exchanger to the heating system, you will need to know the permissible limits of this value. The volume of coolant is the sum of the volume of all pipes and radiators and depends on the length of the system and the number of battery sections. The volume of the radiator section can be found in the passport documentation, and the volume of pipes can be calculated according to the table, measuring their diameter and total length. The resulting value must be increased by 10% - this is the volume of the expansion tank needed for home heating systems.
3. The diameter of the smoke channel. This parameter is important for the selection of suitable chimney elements. If the purchase of all components takes place in one place, specialists will help you choose the right diameter, otherwise you will have to choose the right size elements for yourself.
4. Additional functions. These include the possibility of cooking and heating food on the top panel, easy glass cleaning systems, cold handles and other little things that will make the operation of the fireplace stove more convenient and enjoyable. Whether you pay extra money for all these functions is up to you.

Installing a fireplace stove with a water circuit and connecting to a heating system

You bought a fireplace stove, radiators, pipes, expansion tank and other elements of the heating system. It remains to install the oven and connect it.

1. Level the floor at the installation site of the fireplace stove. It is highly desirable to clad it with non-combustible materials - if accidental sparks and coals get in, the floor will not light up.
2. Install a fireplace stove and level it using adjustable legs if necessary.
3. Mount the water heating system. For a gravitational system, the installation of a circulation pump is not necessary, with a forced circulation system, the pump is placed at the coldest point of the return pipe, that is, before the return of the heat exchanger. The expansion tank is installed at the highest point in the system. It is better to choose a closed tank with a membrane - the less the contact of the coolant with the air, the longer radiators and pipes will last.

Installation diagram of a fireplace stove with a water circuit

Water heater connection diagram

After all these measures, the furnace can be operated in normal mode. Do not forget to check the coolant level in the system. In the event of a prolonged absence, drain the water from the system, if it is accidentally frozen, damage to pipes and radiators can result in breaks and leaks.

Fireplace stove with a water circuit in the apartment

The fireplace stove with a water circuit is especially convenient for two-story summer houses with a living room and several bedrooms: the living room is heated by the heat of the fireplace, and radiators are installed in the bedrooms with the possibility of controlling their heating. Such a system allows you to heat only the necessary rooms without installing a gas or electric boiler, and a live fire in the fireplace creates a romantic mood and will provide you with an excellent rest.

Fireplace stoves AQUA

The range of stoves with water circuit fireplaces from META is represented by models of Angara, Pechora, Warta, differing in thermal power, shape and appearance, as well as the installation method.

Hangar AQUA with water circuit possesses the following characteristics:

• heating power emitted by the furnace during the furnace - 13-16 kW,
• heating power of the connected heating system - 5-7 kW,
• steel heat exchanger
• wall execution
• the side walls are lined with ceramics,
• panoramic heat resistant glass,
• the outlet diameter of the smoke pipe is 150 mm.

Pechora AQUA differs from Ankara in the shape of the hull - it is made compressed prism. The furnace power is 13 kW, heating systems - up to 5 kW.

Warta AQUA additionally equipped with hobclosing lid. Power 13/5 kW, firebox lined with fireclay. The door is straight, equipped with glass and heat-insulated handles, resistant to heat.

A feature of the AKVA fireplace stoves with a water circuit from META is the ability to connect only to systems with forced circulation.

The choice of furnace power

Most important parameter, which must be taken into account before buying a particular model - heat output of the heating unit. It is measured in kilowatts, and it is generally accepted that 1 kW of furnace power can heat 10 m² of a house’s area.

However, it is worth considering that the manufacturer is testing the stove in conditions close to ideal, and when using insufficiently dried firewood, its capacity may decrease by a third. Therefore, to use a furnace with a heating circuit as the only source of heating, it is better to buy a model with a small power reserve.

Steel or cast iron?

Heating stoves-fireplaces are steel and cast iron. Steel furnaces are cheaper, lighter, but more susceptible to corrosion. Models made entirely of cast iron have increased durability and corrosion resistance, but they are much heavier, they are afraid of sudden temperature changes, which can cause cracking.

The best option is combined models, in which the case and slightly heating elements are made of steel, and the elements of the furnace, grates and doors subjected to severe overheating are made of forged cast iron. They are not afraid of prolonged exposure to high temperatures and are suitable for continuous use, and with periodic heating, the condensate formed in the pipes does not cause corrosion.

Installation of a fireplace stove

Due to their light weight, industrial models do not have special requirements for floor preparation; they do not need a separate foundation. The only requirement is the finishing of wooden floors with non-combustible materials: sheet metal, ceramic tiles or fire-resistant types of coating, which can be done with your own hands at a minimum cost.

Video: Bavaria fireplace stove installation

Connection to the heating system

Most industrial fireplace stoves can be operated with or without a connected water circuit. Moreover, their service life is not significantly different.

If the fireplace stove is connected to the water circuit, in no case should it be operated with the drained coolant! This will lead to failure of the heat exchanger and the system itself!
Furnaces with a water circuit can be used in systems with both natural circulation (gravitational) and forced (using a pump). At the same time, the connection schemes to the heating system do not differ from traditional ones.

Features of connecting the stove with your own hands to the gravity heating system:

1. Immediately after exiting the heat exchanger, an accelerating collector is carried out, raising the coolant to the top of the system.
2. An expansion tank of an open or membrane type is installed at the upper point.
3. For the main pipe, a minimum diameter of 32 mm is required, with a smaller cross-section of the pipes, the hydraulic resistance of the system increases, which leads to a decrease in circulation.
4. The slope of the main pipe should be at least 5 cm / 1 m, otherwise the coolant will slow down, the temperature in the system will be uneven, and heating will be inefficient.
5. The pipe bends to the radiators should have a diameter of 16-20 mm. Radiators cut parallel to the highway in the lower or diagonal pattern.

When using a forced system, the requirements for its installation are much less:

1. The expansion tank can be installed in any convenient place, usually it is placed on the return pipe, after the circulation pump.
2. The radiator connection scheme can be any.
3. It is not necessary to withstand a significant slope of the main pipe.
4. With the help of automation, you can set the speed of the coolant, as well as the return temperature, which will avoid condensation in the furnace.

The choice of coolant is an equally important step, which depends on the operating mode of the furnace. For houses with permanent residence, it is more convenient to use purified water - it is cheaper, practically does not cause corrosion in a closed heating system, it is easily added from the water supply if necessary.

If the house is used periodically, the use of water in the winter can cause the system to freeze. At the same time, the water expands and damages the elements of the system: pipes, radiators, fittings, which will subsequently lead to leaks.

In this case, you can use special antifreeze, or install an electric boiler parallel to the furnace, operating in the mode of automatically maintaining the plus temperature at the level of 5-10ºС.

What is the difference between a water fireplace and a usual

After kindling a fireplace with an open firebox, it immediately begins to give heat to the room, but due to the openness of the furnace space, the heat transfer of such a fireplace is very small. Therefore, such fireplaces are not installed as the main means of heating, but rather in order to aesthetic decoration the interior. Fireplaces with a closed firebox are more effective - their efficiency can reach 85%. The furnace space is closed by means of flaps made of glass-ceramic or refractory quartz glass.

The fireplace insert with a water circuit also belongs to the closed type, however, unlike conventional fireplaces, it has double metal walls inside of which coil heat exchangers are installed. These heat exchangers are connected to the system. water heating of the whole house, which allows the thermal fireplace to become both an additional and completely independent means of heating the house, as well as water heater in the House.

The fuel for fireplaces with a water circuit are the same logs of deciduous and coniferous trees that are used for other fireplaces, as well as the most effective view fuel - sawdust briquettes, leaving behind a very small amount of ash.

What is a water circuit?

The fireplace body is made of 4-5 mm boiler steel or cast iron up to 8 mm thick and is coated on the outside fire resistant paint.

The space between the walls, also called water shirt holds about 40 liters of water. The inside of the firebox is faced with heat-resistant tiles. Between the walls of the furnace are placed air channels through which oxygen is accessed to maintain the combustion process, and also, as described above, heat exchangers are installed.

The air heated in the channels through special openings enters the room, and the water heated in the coils is discharged into the heating system of the house and, if necessary, into the hot water supply system.

How to connect a fireplace with a water circuit

The circuit diagram for connecting a fireplace with a water circuit includes:

1. The fireplace itself, which can be installed both in the basement and on the upper floors of the house.
2. Capacity with water (hydroaccumulator, heat accumulator), which is installed in the technical room.
3. The hydraulic accumulator also has a coil, into which the heated coolant enters.
4. Radiators and a hot water system, which receives the water heated in the accumulator.

However, depending on the location and type of the expansion tank, the installation diagram may differ slightly and be:

In an open system, the expansion tank is located at the highest point of the house, which means that water enters the heat exchanger due to gravitational forces. Excessive extended heated water flows back into the tank, which prevents some emergency situations. The heat carrier is heated in the coil, which is located in the open boiler nozzle of the furnace. This installation system is very simple and does not require installation additional electrical appliances to carry out her work, however, she will not be able to heat a large area for a number of reasons:

• loss of its specific gravity with hot water,
• high hydraulic resistance of pipes

Much more often than an open system, a closed system is used, in which the coolant from the expansion tank of the membrane type enters the heat exchanger located in the closed boiler part. Heated to 80−90 degrees water moves directly due to the operation of the circulation pump to the boiler, and then directly to the heating system. In the event of termination of heat transfer, boiling water which will entail a shutdown of the power supply, and, therefore, the operation of the circulation pumps.

Thus, in the fireplace system pressure will increase which can lead to its failure. In order to prevent overheating of water in the rear of the furnace is installed additional coil into which cold water is supplied if necessary. Also, a thermal protection sensor is placed in the water jacket of the furnace, which triggers when the permissible temperature is exceeded, including draining down the drain.

Advantages and disadvantages

• easy to integrate into an existing heating system, and is also capable, if necessary, of becoming its full replacement,
• multifunctional: used in heating and hot water systems, and also due to its aesthetic appeal, serves as an excellent decoration in the house,
• can be used for heating homes with an area about 250 m²,
• due to the constant removal of heat, the furnace metal does not overheat, therefore thermal fireplace is durable,
• thanks to the closed type of firebox, is fireproof fireplacethat allows you to install it at home anywhere
• open system does not require an electrical connection, therefore it is very economical
• fuel for thermal fireplaces is affordable and environmentally friendly,
• Some models have the option of cooking.

• complete lack of automation: it’s possible to melt a fireplace and throw fuel into it only by hand,
• pretty low efficiency, which does not allow without an additional heating system to warm well in the winter at home in regions with very low temperature conditions.

When summing up the results of some economic calculations, it follows that installing fireplaces with a water circuit in comparison, for example, with installing an electric boiler of the same capacity, is bypassed quite expensive. Such a difference in cost will pay off at best for five years, and then subject to permanent residence in the house.

Typically, houses that are built for periodic residence in them have small areas and often only the first floor is heated in them. Installation of water fireplaces in such houses is absolutely inexpedient. Thus, the choice of a water fireplace justifies itself when installing it as backup source heating of houses of large areas and with a limitation of up to 3 kW of electric power.

The parallel use of a thermal fireplace with a main electric or gas boiler will save from a complete shutdown of heating in the event of any malfunctions with one or another heating device, and will also save more 35% of fuel.

Device Features

A fireplace stove with an integrated water circuit is a steel chamber with various wall thicknesses.. In a closed system, the indicator will be 6 millimeters, in an open - 4 millimeters.

Between the walls mounted tubes of the heat exchanger for circulation of the liquid coolant. To be able to control the temperature in the furnace, temperature sensors are installed.

The inflow into the combustion chamber is usually regulated manually.

In the summer, such equipment can only be used for water heating purposes.

How to choose and what to pay attention to?

What qualities must be present in heating equipment in order to become a reliable source of heat:

1. Power. Varies with the dimensions of the furnace and the dimensions of the furnace. On average, for a 10 m² space, 1 kW of power is required.
2. Dimensions. Must fit into the installation room.
3. Coolant volume. It consists of the volume of pipes and radiators, depending on the total length of the system and the number of batteries. An additional 10% is added to the obtained value.
4. Chimney section. The indicator is important for the selection of suitable structural elements.
5. Additional options. Cooking and heating products, easy glass cleaning, non-heated handles and other convenient little things in operation.

Rating TOP 10 best models

META Angara Aqua

The total power of the model is 16 kW, of which 7 kW is the power of the water circuit. Heat exchanger holds 10 liters liquid and made from 5 mm steel. The furnace has a significant volume and it is easy to clean it from combustion products.

Firewood can burn in a prolonged mode, which is especially convenient at night.

The body is decorated with ceramic inserts, and the glass door provides excellent visibility..

Constructive solutions have reduced the amount of soot entering the chimney.

• power: 16 kW,
• location: corner / wall,
• chimney: 150mm, front / rear,
• material: steel,
• heated area - up to 160m2,
• glass type: prismatic,
• Dimensions: 104 * 70 * 54.5cm,
• weight: 205kg.

Advantages:

• Attractive appearance
• the presence of panoramic glass.

Disadvantages:

• high fuel consumption
• insufficient heat transfer to the coolant,
• soot on the glass.

La nordica termo isotta

The Isotta cast iron stove is equipped with a water circuit and is designed to heat several residential premises at the same time.

Its double walls allow you to effectively control air flow. A hob is built into the surface. It has a protective cover that protects the walls from contamination during cooking.

The furnace door is decorated with panoramic ceramic self-cleaning glass. In the lower part there is a separate door for the convenience of using an ash box.

Specifications:

• power: 15-19 kW,
• Efficiency: 78.4%
• location: wall,
• chimney: 150mm, front / rear,
• material: cast iron
• glass type: panoramic,
• Dimensions: 77.5 * 76 * 52cm,
• weight: 212kg.

Advantages:

• long burning
• comfortable door
• self-cleaning glass
• moderate fuel consumption.

Disadvantages:

EdilKamin Aqua

The furnace chamber of this furnace has double walls. This allows you to reduce the temperature effect on the case and extend the life fireplace stove service.

Inside the firebox there is a chamotte finish resistant to combustion products and high flame temperatures.

The door is decorated with glass, which can withstand heat up to 750 degrees, but is not resistant to point impacts.. The water circuit will allow you to create a complete heating system in the house, heating the neighboring rooms.

For safety, there is a built-in sensor for overheating of the system. The stove can be used in the kitchen, the cooking surface has a heating temperature of up to 200 degrees.

Specifications:

• power: 6.5 kW,
• hob
• location: wall,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, ceramic tiles, fireclay,
• glass type: direct,
• Dimensions: 95 * 52 * 52cm,
• weight: 186kg.

Advantages:

• high quality materials
• excellent build
• overheat protection.

Disadvantages:

Vesuvius PK-01 (270) BEIGE

The furnace is made from a combination of cast iron and steel. Cast iron door with heat resistant glass. The grate is cast iron. Firebox trimmed with chamotte.

The ends are decorated with beige ceramic inserts, which help the stove to keep heat longer. Heating is possible with a total area of ​​up to 200 m2.

Burning on one firewood tab is up to 5 hours.

High-quality components guarantee a service life of at least 10 years. The furnace is 100% airtight.

Parts are fixed by bolting to guarantee reliability.. In an economical mode of operation, firewood only smolders, in an intensive mode, a quick kindling is performed.

Specifications:

• power: 9 kW,
• hob - no,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 200m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, cast iron, ceramic tiles, fireclay,
• glass type: direct,
• dimensions: 82 * 46 * 43cm,
• weight: 141kg.

Advantages:

• design,
• ergonomics,
• holds the temperature for a long time.

Disadvantages:

Vesuvius PK-01 (270) RED

The fireplace stove is made of high quality induction steel. The firebox door is made of cast iron and equipped with a glass insert, a blow door allows you to control the intensity of combustion.

The firebox is finished with high-quality fireclay, which can be easily replaced if necessary. Decorative inserts on the sides - ceramic, red.

Power is 9kW, which will allow warming up the room, up to 150m3.

One laying of firewood will provide heat for up to 5 hours. You can connect an electric fan to quickly heat the room. The minimum service life of the product is 10 years.

Specifications:

• power: 9 kW,
• hob - no,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 200m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, cast iron, ceramic tiles, fireclay,
• glass type: direct,
• dimensions: 82 * 46 * 43cm,
• weight: 141kg.

Advantages:

• heating rate
• nice design in a classic style,
• high legs.

disadvantages:

MBS Thermo Vesta plus

Intended for heat supply of rooms equipped with water heating systems. The oven can be connected to the system in tandem with a solid fuel boiler or in stand-alone mode.

Maximum possible water temperature inside the heat exchanger - 90 ° C.

The furnace is made of cast iron and high quality steel. The external enamel coating is distinguished by a special aestheticism and retains an attractive appearance for a long time.

Cast iron continuous hob.

Fast heating of the room is provided by convection. The ash box can be pulled out directly during kindling, which simplifies maintenance.

Specifications:

• power: 11 kW,
• Efficiency - 83%,
• hob - is,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 110m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, cast iron, ceramic tiles, fireclay,
• glass type: direct,
• Dimensions: 90 * 46 * 44cm,
• weight: 91.5kg.

Advantages:

• design,
• build quality,
• high efficiency and long heat preservation.

disadvantages:

• the inner surface of the furnace may require replacement after a couple of years of use.

MBS VULKAN

A wood-burning stove can heat large rooms, while having compact dimensions. Perfect for use in a country house in the country.

It will help to organize autonomous heating or complement the existing one.

The furnace is voluminous, while the fuel is consumed in economy mode.

With the MBS Volcano Thermo stove, the dwelling will become not only unique in atmosphere, but also more comfortable. There are modes of intense heating or decay.

Specifications:

• power: 24 kW,
• Efficiency - 83%,
• hob - is,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 140m2,
• chimney: 120mm,,
• material: steel, cast iron,
• glass type: direct,
• Dimensions: 65 * 78 * 64.5cm,
• weight: 151kg.

Advantages:

• convenience of kindling and care,
• high reliability
• room heating rate,
• fuel economy.

disadvantages:

Romotop GRANADA

The furnace is distinguished by modern external design, workmanship and uses an innovative method. wood burning.

The body is made of steel with decorative tile lining. Steel furnaces warm air faster - already 15 minutes after kindling.

A chamotte withstanding up to 1300 degrees is installed in the combustion chamber. The furnace chamber is separated from the housing to reduce the risk of fire and extend the life of the furnace itself.

Specifications:

• power: 13 kW,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 130m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, ceramics,
• glass type: direct,
• dimensions: 125 * 50 * 56cm,
• weight: 254kg.

Advantages:

• modern design
• wide selection of body colors,
• heating efficiency.

Disadvantages:

META Pechora Aqua

Pechora is one of the most efficient fireplace stoves that can effectively heat a large house. Installation It is connected to heating radiators.

The stove warms up in a matter of minutes, and the hearth of the fireplace is made of non-combustible materials, the main one is stainless steel. If you need to heat a small room, this model is suitable for this.

Then it can not be connected to the water heating circuit, the power of air heating will be enough. Do not connect the oven to radiators if the batteries do not have water.

Specifications:

• power: 9 kW,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 90m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: steel, ceramics,
• glass type: direct,
• dimensions: 104 * 75 * 49cm,
• weight: 155kg.

Advantages:

• doesn't take up much space
• economical consumption of firewood,
• smoldering mode.

disadvantages:

EdilKamin Warm CS

The furnace belongs to a new generation. Depending on the area of ​​the room, you can choose a complete set of Warm Base or Warm Scaldavivande.

This stove can not only heat the home, but also provide hot water.

Design in a classic rustic style, but will fit into a modern interior. The ends, the facade and the base are cast-iron, the hearth is made of steel, the lining is made of ceramics.

Specifications:

• power: 14 kW,
• location: wall,
• heating area - up to 140m2,
• chimney: 150mm,,
• material: cast iron, steel, ceramics,
• glass type: direct,
• Dimensions: 108 * 56 * 51.5cm,
• weight: 253kg.

Advantages:

• efficiency,
• heating and hot water
• reliable components
• perfect build.

Chimney requirements

For safe operation, fireplace stoves require strict observance of the rules for installing the chimney. For these heating appliances, experienced stove-keepers are advised to install chimneys made of ceramic or stainless steel of the “sandwich” type.

Ceramic chimneys represent a prefabricated structure from finished blocks for various purposes. The smoke channel consists of glazed ceramics, eliminating swirls of smoke and precipitation of solid sediment.It is placed in a hollow foam concrete block and is insulated with basalt mats, heat-resistant at temperatures up to 1000ºС. Connect the elements to a special glue (blocks) and sealant (ceramic).

Metal Sandwich Chimneys look like two pipes of different diameters inserted one into another and insulated with basalt. The inner pipe is made of stainless steel, the outer one can be made of galvanized iron. Blocks are assembled using heat-resistant sealant.

Features of ceramic chimneys:

• long term of operation - not less than 25 years,
• smooth inner surface practically does not allow soot to settle,
• high fire safety and resistance to burning,
• heavy weight, which requires installation on a separate foundation,
• high price.

Features of stainless steel chimneys:

• quickly assembled with your own hands,
• the price is much lower than ceramic,
• does not require installation on the foundation,
• with constant overheating, they can burn out, so a regular audit is necessary.

Video: comparing different chimneys

The choice of the type of chimney is a matter of preference and financial possibilities, however, when installing it, several mandatory conditions must be observed.

1. The diameter of the chimney should ideally be equal to the diameter of the outlet smoke outlet, or pipe. You can’t narrow it! You can expand the diameter of the chimney, but not more than 30%, while it is necessary to use special elements of the chimney.
2. The chimney must be equipped with a gate or valve, blocking the flow of cold air into the furnace and regulating the draft.
3. The length of the horizontal sections in total should not exceed 1 meter, otherwise the traction will be much worse.
4. The total height of the chimney and chimney must not be less than that indicated in the passport for the stove. Usually this value ranges from 5-8 meters.
5. All passages through walls and ceilings are performed using special elements that ensure their thermal insulation from combustible structures.
6. It is necessary to equip the chimney with cleaners that provide access to any part of it, as well as a condensate collector.

Fuel requirements

Any stove will not give the efficiency indicated in the passport if it is heated with wet firewood or unsuitable wood. It is optimum to use birch firewood of natural drying in stoves-fireplaces with a heating circuitlying in a covered drovnik or under a canopy for at least 18 months, or briquettes of industrial production with a moisture content of not more than 20%.

It is not advisable to use firewood from coniferous trees - they emit a lot of tar, clog the chimney and smoke glass in the firebox. The use of coal in stoves, fireplaces, as a rule, is not allowed.

Firewood can be ignited using birch bark, wood chips, paper or a special liquid. When firing up, the gate must be fully open, and fresh air must be accessible through the blower.

Operation of the fireplace stove

The requirements for the use of furnaces with a heating circuit are quite simple, and if they are followed, the heating unit will serve effectively for many years.

1. It is necessary to regularly, at least twice a year, carry out an audit of the smoke exhaust system, and remove soot and deposits from the furnace, chimney and pipe.
2. Ash is removed from the ash pan and the furnace regularly, as it accumulates.
3. The heating system for the warm period is drained only if it is not planned to use the furnace. For the furnace in the summer, it is possible to provide a heating circuit shunting the direct and return pipes, not heating the radiators.
4. Before the winter start-up, the systems carry out an audit of the heating elements: radiators, expansion tank, pump, filters, connecting fittings and valves. If necessary, carry out their cleaning, replacement, repair.
5. The glass of the fireplace stove is cleaned as necessary using special liquids.

With the right choice of power, installation and operation, a fireplace stove with a heating circuit will effectively heat the house in any frost and will create comfort in it, warmed by flickering tongues of flame.

Do you need a water circuit - how to understand?

Personal experience. We make stoves with a water circuit in two cases: 1. if the layout of the house is unsuccessful for stove heating (for heating with a wood-burning stove). The second case - the customer requires 100% complete autonomy from the power grid. And the house at the same time is still more than the recommended heat circuit for one furnace, and the furnace is supposed to be one.

Consider the first option - a poor layout. I call the poor layout the presence of remote bedrooms in the house, where convective heat will reach for a long time. There are also long corridors, an oblong shape of the house on one floor. But these are only the first signs. A detailed analysis takes into account the material of the walls and the method of insulation, the location and size of the windows. The indicators of the construction region are calculated, and with a dozen or two indicators that are important when heating the stove.

At the customer’s demand for complete autonomy from the power grid, the reliability and durability of the furnace are often not taken into account. As a rule, such houses are not very well insulated (saved on construction). Yes, and there is also savings on the stove, because for the register it is advisable to make a boiler furnace, and not just a fireplace. The ability to place two furnaces, or a two-story oven, is not taken into account. Or two furnaces - one on top of the other - again for reasons of economy.

In the design of furnace heating, in addition to a number of basic parameters, it is desirable to take into account many factors and additional parameters. You need to know some everyday nuances that not every heating designer knows about, and not even any furnace heating designer.

Let’s say you have a house already built, maybe a long time ago. And you want to lay out / remake a stove or fireplace. In this case, it is also better to approach the issue very thoroughly. My experience shows that the customer, faced with the nuances of stove heating, can not immediately answer questions about home heating. Those. this work is not only for the designer, but also for the customer. Indeed, each furnace, each location of the furnace, each layout option has its own characteristics.

How to make a fireplace stove with a water circuit?

To properly lay out a fireplace stove, one must take into account all of the above in the article. I would advise avoiding the use of water when heating a house with an oven, for this you need to analyze your situation in detail.

If you nevertheless embed the register in a brick oven, then you need to do it like a boiler. To do this, you need to make a completely double-circuit furnace - to chamotte lining not only the fireplace insert, but also the channel where the register is located. This will increase the heat capacity and reliability of the furnace. The furnace will not be afraid of “overflows”, the coolant will cool more slowly, because the rate of heat transfer “from the walls” / “inside” (the coolant) will decrease.

It is also better to make such furnaces hybrid, i.e. integrate into the system with an electric boiler and a temperature sensor - to maintain the temperature of the coolant. This will make the furnace healthier: it will reduce the amount of condensate, simplify the kindling of the cold furnace, and the furnace will not cool down like that. In such a system, it is desirable to make pressure and a pump. Here we are moving away from complete autonomy. In addition, if we consider electricity as additional heating, then it can be implemented in the best way - so as not to make a water circuit. And in the calculations, it turns out that it can be more efficient and cheaper.

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